Saturday, November 14, 2020

Contributor Post: North Alabama Kroger Stores (BONUS: Additional Alabama Kroger Details)




As promised, this month's post is a three-in-one feature. We'll be taking a look at the lost history of Kroger in North Alabama, an area that is beyond the Mid-South, thanks to Michael M., a new contributor to the blog. This is going to be a fun one for sure!

Several months ago, I was poking around some Clarion-Ledger archives on newspapers.com, and came across a November 1994 article covering the grand opening of the new Madison, MS, Kroger on Hwy 51. (You'll recall we saw photos of this store, which has since been demolished and replaced, on the blog back in July, courtesy of contributor publisher73.) Separately from its main subject, the article also noted that Kroger's "Delta Marketing area, with regional offices in Memphis, operates stores in six states: West Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, Southern Missouri, Southwest Kentucky, and Western Alabama."

Five of those six states are familiar to me, and that ought to be the case also for readers of this blog who have seen my full listing of present-day Kroger Delta Division store locations. But none of my research had ever turned up any Kroger Delta Division stores in Alabama prior to my discovery of this article. Naturally, I was intrigued. Further investigation revealed an article as late as 1996 which continued to claim portions of Alabama as belonging to Kroger's Delta Division, while an article covering the rollout of the Kroger Plus Card in April 1999 excluded Alabama from the list of states comprising the Delta marketing area. (Note also that that 1999 article mentioned Kroger's southernmost stores in the state of Mississippi were in Laurel, Natchez, and McComb. I'll revisit that information later in the post, for separate reasons.)

Unfortunately, my further attempts to figure out where exactly Kroger was located in Western Alabama, as well as why they departed the region, came up empty in most respects. However, in the process I did happen to stumble across a new can of worms: Kroger's departure from Northern Alabama. I found a few interesting articles from 1986, took that as at least a partial win, and called it a night.

Fortuitously, a new email popped up in my inbox less than a month later. This is where I get to introduce Michael M. to you all. Michael is from the same North Alabama region that Kroger departed in 1986, and entirely coincidental to my prior research on the situation, he sent along this relevant information:

Kroger built four large supermarkets in our area of north Alabama known as the Shoals (Muscle Shoals, Florence, Sheffield, and Tuscumbia): two in the 1970s with the arches and crenellations entrance ways and then two even larger ones in 1981 in the greenhouse design.  Then to everyone's surprise, Kroger quickly closed all four of those active stores about 1985.  Because the buildings were in such good condition and in good locations, McCarty-Holman out of Jackson, Mississippi, quickly bought the stores and converted them into first-rate stores known as Jitney (or Jitney Jungle).

I worked for a few years at the Jitney in Muscle Shoals, Alabama which was, as you can see in the photo I took in 1990, a Kroger dual greenhouse.


This fine, attractive building still exists, but sadly it's been highly altered to feature four smaller businesses. 

Dual-greenhouse Krogers are a breed that I don't believe ever existed here in the Mid-South, with the exception of one store in Corinth; so that was certainly a cool sight to see. More exciting, though, was Michael's mention of those same North Alabama Kroger stores.

For more context on the situation before we go any further, it's worth noting that Kroger's presence in the state of Alabama today is pretty much limited exclusively to the Huntsville/Decatur area, as part of the Nashville Division. There are a few other stores along the eastern side of the state that belong to the Atlanta Division. But for the most part, Kroger is absent from most of the state. 

However, this was not always the case. As we've learned, apparently there were some stores in western Alabama that belonged to the Delta Division. Wikipedia notes that Kroger exited Birmingham as long ago as the early 1970s, "as a result of intense competition from Winn-Dixie and local chains Bruno's Supermarkets and Western Supermarkets." And of course, we also have our four standalone stores in the Shoals.

On June 6, 1986, under the headline It's a jungle out there: Jitney may be making out-of-state expansion, the Clarion-Ledger reported the following:

"The Jitneys are coming." At least that's what Jitney-Jungle is telling people in northwest Alabama. Indications are that the Jackson-based company soon will make official its first major move out of state with the purchase of as many as four Kroger stores in northwest Alabama. 

The purchase could include two stores in Florence, one in Muscle Shoals and the lease on a fourth store in Sheffield. Kroger closed the Florence and Muscle Shoals stores May 31 after failing to negotiate wage cuts with 300 of its employees, who were members of a union. The Sheffield grocery was shut down in late March. 

W.H. Holman Jr., Jitney's chairman, said earlier this week that the company had not purchased the stores. "We have negotiations with quite a few stores, but we have not concluded any acquisitions at this time," he said Wednesday. But in recent days, the company has been running advertisements in the Florence Times Daily which said, "The Jitneys are coming." 

Kroger Co. told 300 employees at its stores in Florence and Muscle Shoals that it had sold the stores to an undisclosed buyer, said Ed Collins, president of Retail Clerks Local 1577, the union which represents the workers at the stores. "They (Kroger) informed us they could not afford to operate those stores without wage and benefit cuts and would have to close them or sell them," he said. "We heard the new employer is Jitney-Jungle and they are going to hire 400 employees."

Less than a week later, on June 12, 1986, Jitney confirmed the purchase:

Jitney Jungle Stores of America Inc. confirmed Wednesday its purchase of four Kroger Co. supermarkets in northwest Alabama, which marks the chain's first major out-of-state move. "We believe the Shoals area of Alabama offers great potential for future economic growth," said Tony Reape, Jitney Jungle's chief operating officer. "We have been extremely pleased with the outstanding reception we have received from the area's business community and the people." 

Jitney Jungle purchased at an undisclosed price two stores in Florence, one in Muscle Shoals and one in Sheffield. Reape said the Florence and Muscle Shoals stores will open in the near future. The Sheffield store, after undergoing some modernization, will open later. 

The Clarion-Ledger reported last week that the purchase was probable, but store officials would not confirm the acquisition until Wednesday. The purchase brings the total number of stores in the Jitney Jungle chain to 60, including one store in Florida. 

Kroger closed the Florence and Muscle Shoals stores May 31 after it could not negotiate wage concessions from union employees of the Retail Clerks Local 1577. Kroger, based in Cincinnati, Ohio, shut its Sheffield operations because the store wasn't profitable.

This tactic of closing stores in areas where the company faced union pressures was, unfortunately, a common one for Kroger in the 1980s. For example, Kroger abruptly exited the entire Western Pennsylvania market as a result of a protracted labor strike in the region in 1983 and 1984, according to Wikipedia. Fellow retail photographers such as Random Retail, Nicholas Eckhart, and Andrew Turnbull have documented several recognizable former Kroger stores in the area; given that many were greenhouse stores, a style which only had begun appearing in the 1980s, it is likely that a large number of these stores had only been open for a very short time before Kroger's exit. We find that the same is true in North Alabama, where two of the four stores, as Michael noted, had opened a mere five years prior. However, at least in this situation Kroger's loss was Jitney's gain.

The second June 1986 Clarion-Ledger article continued, "the Alabama stores average 42,000 square feet and are larger than most Jitney Jungle stores in the Jackson area. ... With the Alabama acquisition complete, the chain has further plans for out-of-state expansion. 'We're looking anywhere from a range of 250 to 300 miles outside of Jackson for expansion possibilities,' Reape said." 

Indeed, Jitney would go on to make significant inroads into Alabama, as well as Tennessee, Florida, and Arkansas, with their purchase of the Foodway chain of stores in 1990. Michael M. sent along some images of an internal memo and pamphlet discussing the purchase and other significant events on Jitney's timeline, which are all shown below. Notice the references made to certain Memphis-area Jitney stores, as were discussed in this post from March 2020.

Courtesy Michael M.

Courtesy Michael M.

Courtesy Michael M.

Courtesy Michael M.

In addition to the exterior photo shared above (which is also reprinted below), Michael also sent along several additional pictures of the Muscle Shoals Kroger/Jitney at which he worked for a short time. Details follow below each of the images.

Courtesy Michael M.

Here we can once again see the dual greenhouse Kroger build at this location. The red and white striped awnings were likely added by Jitney. Note also that these stores were strictly called "Jitney Food Store," and not "Jitney Jungle." Jitney appears to have paid close attention to detail with the four Shoals Kroger stores they bought; as you'll see in the below images, the interiors were completely remodeled, and even the old Bauhaus-font pill-shaped signs on the exterior, which were left intact, nonetheless received a new coat of red paint to cover over Kroger's blue.

Courtesy Michael M.

This shot provides our best overview of the interior. We're standing near the middle of the store, looking from the front straight ahead to the back wall. Take note of Jitney's new aisle markers and wall décor. Upon opening, it is likely that this Kroger featured the Bauhaus décor package.

About this picture, Michael writes, The beach & palm tree display is one I helped to build in an open area where Kroger had a perfume & cologne counter. Jitney removed those unprofitable elements.

Courtesy Michael M.

Courtesy Michael M.

These other two images showcase dairy, my department when I had it fronted at the end of a shift. Looks nice!

As Michael noted, this store, located at 1418 Woodward Avenue in Muscle Shoals, is presently subdivided between four separate businesses. Prior to Jitney's own departure from the region, In 1992, McCarty Holman changed this store to their Sack and Save format which I did not like. Jitney had kept the deli restaurants providing a great place for us employees to spend our break. With Sack and Save, the deli restaurant was removed and we had no place to eat lunch or take a break. It was a rude kick in the ass from upper management.

Following Jitney's departure, another of the former Shoals Kroger stores, this one in nearby Florence, was subdivided between Hibbett Sports Super Store and Books-A-Million. As a matter of fact, Books-A-Million's predecessor was founded in Florence in 1917, but the first true Books-A-Million branded store didn't open until 1988, in Huntsville. As a result, it's quite possible that this former greenhouse Kroger was the very first Books-A-Million store to open in the chain's hometown of Florence. How cool is that?!

Courtesy flickr

In 2011, that former Kroger/Jitney was torn down, in order to make way -- ironically -- for a brand new Publix. The site was also redeveloped to build some new digs for BAM and Hibbett. (This album on flickr has some fantastic images of the property both before and during construction. See the end result here and here, courtesy of l_dawg2000.)

That tackles two of the four Shoals-area Kroger/Jitney stores. I'm not exactly confident on the third one, but if my research is correct, then it, too, was demolished, replaced with a nice new Veterans Memorial Park. That leaves just one final store of our quartet, and thankfully, not only is it intact, but it also still appears mostly as it did 35+ years ago, as Michael M. writes. That's the store near the University of North Alabama in the 7-points community (address: 1421 N Wood Ave, Florence, AL 35630). It's now called Hometown Market. It's old and somewhat run-down, having been built by Kroger sometime in the 1970s, but still functioning as a decent smaller supermarket.

Following our initial conversation, Michael set out to photograph the Kroger-turned-Jitney-turned-Hometown Market. His photos are shown below. And as you can see, this store is a wonderfully intact superstore-build Kroger!

Courtesy Michael M.

Courtesy Michael M.

On the exterior, we find a completely unaltered Kroger superstore design from the 1970s. This one actually had its arches on the corner of the building, meaning the feature gets to span two sides of the structure. The old pole that used to support Kroger's cube sign still sits in-between the two sets of overhangs, directly on the corner. Hometown Market's logo now rests atop the pole.

Courtesy Michael M.

Entering the store, we catch a brief glimpse at the bottom left of this photo of the brick inlay stripes or sections on the floor that Kroger used in the 70s. Jitney never bothered to remove them, and Hometown Market hasn't either, so they continue to serve as a nice remnant of Kroger's short time in the Shoals! And speaking of Jitney...

Courtesy Michael M.

Courtesy Michael M.

...you might also be able to recognize these department signs as being identical to those that we saw in the background in Michael's earlier pics of the Muscle Shoals store that he worked at in the 1990s. That means that Hometown Market has also never remodeled the interior décor of this store, meaning it's both a Kroger and a Jitney time-warp. It's always awesome to see some lost history surviving like this, hiding in plain sight right beneath everyone's noses! 

Thanks very much to Michael M. for sharing his information and photos; I hope you all have enjoyed viewing and reading his contributions as much as I did.

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So now we've learned about Kroger's brief escapades in North Alabama, but that's only one piece of the puzzle. In news that shouldn't come as a surprise to any of you, once I heard of Kroger's presence and departure from multiple other portions of the state, I did some further digging to see what all I could find out. As it turns out, Kroger seems to have been quite eager to exit many of its Alabama markets during the 1980s and 1990s.

In 1994, for example, Kroger sold seven of its stores to Alabama-based Delchamps. Two of these were in Tuscaloosa, one in Mobile, and four in the Biloxi-Gulfport area of neighboring Mississippi. A Cincinnati Enquirer report wrote of the deal, "The switch is designed to save costs by unloading stores too far from Kroger's distribution centers in Memphis, Tenn., and Jackson, Miss. ... 'Those stores (being sold) were at the outer rim of our geographic proximity to those warehouses,' [Kroger's spokseperson] said."

More importantly, Delchamps noted in its annual report for fiscal year 1995 that this purchase allowed them to strategically "[eliminate] a competitor along the Gulf Coast of Mississippi and in central and southern Alabama." Knowing that the Mississippi stores would have been located under the Delta Division umbrella, it's likely that the other stores included in the Delchamps purchase were part of the Delta Division, too. And while this transaction might not have completely removed Alabama stores from that division (recall that an article from 1996 claimed that Kroger Delta still encompassed some western Alabama stores), central and southern Alabama nonetheless represents yet another Alabama market that Kroger completely departed from in one fell swoop. 

While this post is intended to focus on Alabama, I can't help but briefly spend some time on the Gulf Coast Kroger stores mentioned here. For as long as I've known, Kroger has not had a presence in the southern part of Mississippi, when in my mind there is a clear opportunity there. The only major supermarket chain in the Gulf Coast region is Winn-Dixie, and while they are actively trying to revitalize their operations in their home state of Florida (see here), their Mississippi stores clearly stand out as outliers that could easily be dropped in an instant if Winn-Dixie so desired. Other portions of southern Mississippi that aren't along the coast, such as the Natchez area, have no chain supermarkets at all. These days, Kroger's southernmost presence in the state is in McComb, a tiny superstore-era store that hasn't been remodeled in decades (making one wonder just how much longer Kroger will hang onto that one, too...).

Again, like I've done in the past, I can't help but wonder why Kroger doesn't have more of a presence in those parts of Mississippi that are clearly underserved from a supermarket standpoint. But then again, as I mentioned earlier in this post, Kroger did in fact have a store in Natchez at one point. Unfortunately, they wound up closing it sometime most likely in the early 2000s (recall the 1999 article that noted the Natchez store was still operational at the time). So, the conclusion here must be that, despite what you might expect given the absence of other supermarket chains, Kroger simply must not have been successful in that market. Likewise, the information from this Delchamps transaction reveals that Kroger indeed had a presence along the Gulf Coast at one time; the fact that they sold out ultimately suggests, however, that it simply was not profitable for them.

The former Natchez Kroger today operates as Sports Center. The 70s superstore façade is very impressively disguised, but the old cube sign mercifully remains fully recognizable (and reused!). Courtesy Google Maps Street View

Looking at this situation makes me sad, because it's basically a lose-lose. The residents are left behind with fewer options, but I also can't fully blame Kroger for leaving, because it absolutely is not a reasonable business decision to continue operating an unprofitable store. You'll notice that I'm also speaking as if the stores weren't sold to Delchamps; that's because, of course, Delchamps later became part of Jitney -- so, in a roundabout way, this purchase actually furthered Jitney's presence in Alabama! -- and then the combined Delchamps/Jitney entity met its demise shortly thereafter, going out of business entirely (and creating even more vacant supermarkets). Such a shame.

Finally, it should be mentioned that the 1994 Kroger/Delchamps transaction also resulted in two Delchamps stores being sold to Kroger (rather than the seven that went the other way around). These were the stores in Greenville and Columbus, MS, both of which I have previously documented over on flickr (follow the links to see my albums). Jason P. commented on one of my flickr uploads from those stores, sharing that the rationale behind the deal was that "Kroger acquired several stores in areas where they held a stronger footprint, such as the Mississippi Delta, and traded off stores in Alabama where Delchamps was stronger." Since Delchamps ultimately wound up going down alongside the failed Jitney Jungle, it's quite possible that the Columbus and Greenville stores are among (or just flat-out are) the only former Delchamps stores still operating as active supermarkets within the state of Mississippi today.

The Greenville, MS, Delchamps-turned-Kroger, as viewed in 2018. The façade as shown here is original to Delchamps, but Kroger renovated it in 2019 to a more modern look; now neither of the two Mississippi Delchamps sold to Kroger retain their original exterior (or indeed, interior) designs.

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Returning our attention to Alabama, various Groceteria forum discussions reveal the stories of yet more Kroger stores sold off in the 1980s. As one poster writes, "Four greenhouse stores in Guntersville, Scottsboro, Sylacauga, and Talladega become Food World in the 80's." It was subsequently noted that the cube sign remained intact for sure at the Scottsboro store, but Food World ultimately wound up relocating "into the former Red Food/BiLo store next door after Ahold acquired Bruno's." (Food World was apparently a Bruno's nameplate.) "The 4 Kroger stores in the Florence/Muscle Shoals area became Jitney Jungle during the same timeframe and are probably empty," an author commented in 2005.

Groceteria users further reference the Delchamps-purchased stores: "The Tuscaloosa superstore became Delchamps as did the greenhouse in suburban Northport, and are empty since Jitney/Delchamps demise. I don't think Winn-Dixie nor Bruno's took any of the locations in those two cities." (Clearly, the Mississippi Gulf Coast isn't the only area facing supermarket avoidance problems...)

Tantalizingly, these conversations reveal intriguing details on the stores' interiors, but sadly have no corresponding photographs. Three of the four greenhouse Kroger-turned-Food World stores, for example, were remodeled, but at Guntersville, "The interior was a total blast from the past--with pink, orange, and green wall graphics and interior--all left over from the old Kroger." Sadly, that store has since changed hands to a new operator, and any former Kroger remnants have long since been wiped out.

More broadly speaking, these 1980s greenhouse Kroger stores are very easily recognizable not only because of their distinctive architecture, but also simply because they are in abundance. Even after the buildings change hands and begin their post-Kroger lives, one user noted, their greenhouses most often remain untouched, "as the greenhouse façade is evidently expensive to replace." Even at greenhouses that do remain operational as Kroger, many "retain the greenhouse on an otherwise post-greenhouse remodel/expansion." We've seen this happen in many places across the country, including here locally in the Mid-South, so none of this information is new. Nor, likewise, is the user's corollary comment, "Very few have intact interiors."

I bring this up, however, because the same user notes that the Kroger in Lanett, AL, did have an intact original interior, at least as of the time of his/her comment. The Lanett Kroger is an interesting store even ignoring its interior décor, though, if other discussions from Groceteria are to be believed. For instance, one user writes, "It's a greenhouse, and it has the cube sign, but they have completely de-emphasized the fact that it's a Kroger. They pretty much just call it 'Lannett Food and Drug.' However, on the cube sign, you can just make out a tiny Kroger logo at the top. And there appears to be a tiny Kroger logo on the far left of the building." Another user provided further details in response:

The Lanett, AL Kroger is a non-union Kroger surrounded by unionized Kroger locations in LaGrange, GA and Auburn and Opelika, AL. Kroger had previously closed its store in Lanett probably about 5 years earlier due to labor disputes and only returned as a non-union operation. At the same time non-union stores opened using the towns name on the cube in Brunswick and Warner Robins, GA and Talladega and Sylacauga, AL. The Brunswick and Warner Robins stores were eventually covered by a collective bargaining agreement with the other Georgia Kroger locations while Talladega and Sylacauga were sold to Bruno's and only Lanett continues as a non-union location.

So if I'm following the timeline correctly, the above information took place prior to the four stores mentioned earlier being sold to Food World (aka Bruno's)... but more interesting out of all of that, of course, is the repeat example of Kroger responding negatively to union activity. (It closed, only to subsequently reopen explicitly as non-union?!) Not the best part of their history...

Kroger must have finally decided they had hidden behind the "Lanett Food and Drug" moniker long enough, because these days, the store once again operates as a regular ol' Kroger. And what's better is, even despite the many apparent signage changes on the exterior, inside it looks as if practically nothing has changed since day one. Check out the images below to see what I'm talking about...

Courtesy Google Maps

It's wannabe neon décor, inside a greenhouse! This isn't anything unheard of, but it also isn't something that I've seen much evidence of or that I thought still existed. That's why I wanted to be sure and share all of these great Google Maps user images with you guys in this post.

Courtesy Google Maps

This décor certainly would not have been installed following the conversion back to Kroger after the stint as generic "Lanett Food and Drug," so it's pretty obvious that this store was still clearly Kroger-branded on the inside for the duration of that name swap, given that a number of these department signs include the word "Kroger" in them!

Courtesy Google Maps

Looking from produce -- which is in the front right corner, as usual -- across to the front end. Note the classic, original checklane lights are joined by newer self-checkout signage (hailing from script décor) and aisle markers (hailing from 2012/bountiful décor).

Courtesy Google Maps

In fact, not only were the aisle markers replaced at some point, but I'd imagine the store had tile flooring to begin with, so clearly the floors were redone somewhere along the way as well. It's pretty unusual for a store to replace its flooring prior to its wall décor, but hey, I'm not going to complain!

Courtesy Google Maps

Heading along the back wall takes us to the "Meat Shoppe," which is also our first good close-up of one of the department signs in this store. Generally speaking, the greenhouse version of wannabe neon was more or less identical to the version seen in the other stores that received the package, just stretched taller to accommodate the higher ceilings. However, in this particular version, you'll notice that the font used is a bit different as well; it's more rigid, and skinnier. Compare to the typical wannabe neon décor font as seen in this image (among others in that album). It's also possible that later greenhouse wannabe neon remodels got the normal font, and this store simply has an earlier version. We'll see further evidence of that before this post concludes.

This and all images below courtesy Google Maps


A look underneath the high soffit ceiling, before looking over towards the dairy department and the back right corner. We see two signs that read "Kroger Dairy," although neither of them are all that clear from these vantage points.



One last view of the rear actionway, preceding several repetitive aisle shots looking up toward the pharmacy. The deli and bakery are going to be beyond the pharmacy, just out of view to the right in the above images. There sadly aren't any pictures of those departments online.

Courtesy Google Maps

An absolutely awesome shot of the pharmacy décor rounds out our Google Maps-provided interior images of this store (and this décor package). Again note the font difference between this and the more common version of wannabe neon. (Ignoring that the example in that linked photo is all capital letters as opposed to sentence-case! Note also the glossier shade of red, too...) 

Of course, it probably goes without saying that wannabe neon is anything but common these days. However, it's still out there in several stores, and might actually be more prevalent than certain even newer packages that have been all but wiped out entirely. I attribute this to the fact that wannabe neon is most frequently found in tiny superstore-era stores that Kroger evidently doesn't want to spend the money remodeling, as opposed to its larger, newer-build locations.

Note also in this image one more newer-décor element: the "Rx Pick-up" sign, which hails from the Food4Less décor package. (I haven't featured that one on the blog, but you can see it here, scrolling left.)

Courtesy Google Maps

No more cube sign outside. It has been replaced with a newer, more modern road sign, also featuring fuel center prices. Presumably, this was done when the name switched back to Kroger.

Image source unknown

Finally, a shot of the storefront itself. Still rocking the greenhouse, of course, and we also find the same "Kroger Food & Pharmacy" logo that is typical of stores in the Atlanta Division. I would absolutely love to get the chance to visit and photograph this store, but in researching it in preparation for this post, I came across some evidence that it may well finally be remodeling this year. If true, that's very sad news :(  EDIT: Indeed, this store has since remodeled. It now has the fresh and local décor package. But on the flip side, it's still cool that the old décor got to survive untouched for as long as it did...

While it was somewhat outside of the purview of this post, I thoroughly enjoyed those images of the greenhouse version of wannabe neon in the Lanett Kroger, and hopefully you did as well. I'll close this post with just a couple more pics relating to the differing fonts of certain versions of wannabe neon décor.

Courtesy The News Courier

Courtesy The News Courier

These first two show the former Athens, AL, Kroger. (Unlike all the rest we've covered in today's post, this one seems never to have sold to another operator -- instead, it ultimately became the town's library, of all things!) Inside, we find the same rigid-font version of wannabe neon, but note that this store was a superstore-era build. That helps reinforce the notion that this font was used in an earlier version of this package (as the Athens store likely would have completed a relatively early remodel to the new design).

Courtesy Issuu

In contrast, this image, from the Vicksburg Post in 2011, shows the interior of the former greenhouse Kroger in Vicksburg, MS, as interior demolition work began in advance of subdividing the building for new tenants. Here we can see the fatter, rounder font more commonly associated with wannabe neon, as well as the little three-dots element surrounding the department signs (something else that we didn't see in Lanett or Athens).

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Again, there was a lot of information in this post, but I found it all very interesting, and it is my hope that you did also. It's not often we get the chance to cover basically an entire state's worth of stores in one entry, haha! (And we still didn't cover them all -- don't forget the Kroger-owned "Welcome" superwarehouse store that was in Mobile, as I wrote about on My Florida Retail this June!) Thanks again goes out to Michael M. for all of his contributions (as well as his patience with me in getting this post ready to publish!).

If you have any history or images to share concerning Kroger's past (or present) operations in Alabama, please feel free to drop a comment below, or email me directly at midsouthretailblog [at] gmail [dot] com. Otherwise, I hope you'll stick around for next month, when our ongoing Fred's series resumes. We'll be heading to one of the places mentioned in this post -- can anyone guess which one?!

Until then, hope you all have a Happy Thanksgiving, and as always -- thanks for reading, and have fun exploring the retail world wherever you are!

Retail Retell

22 comments:

  1. "This tactic of closing stores in areas where the company faced union pressures was, unfortunately, a common one for Kroger in the 1980s."

    Another example of that would be right here in Michigan. A 1984 labor strike resulted in the permanent closure of 25 Detroit area Kroger stores, and several of those, including my local stores in Southgate, Lincoln Park (both of which were brand-new greenhouse stores) and Taylor (a superstore location that co-anchored a strip mall with Art Van, which eventually tore that entire strip down for a bigger store that still exists today under the Love's Furniture nameplate) ended up under the Foodland banner (Foodland was a Kroger subsidiary in Michigan, and I believe the Southgate store retained the bauhaus decor during the Foodland days).

    Of course, even after 1984, Kroger retains a large presence in the Detroit area that presently extends as far out as Lansing and Midland. As for Foodland in Michigan, though, that banner didn't make it into the new millennium. The Southgate greenhouse Kroger/Foodland is now a Big Lots store, and the Lincoln Park greenhouse has been subdivided (presently it's Salvation Army and CSL Plasma).

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    1. Interesting, thanks for the information! Yeah, I figured similar scenarios played out elsewhere across the country as well. At least in Detroit's case, it sounds like Kroger kept some of the stores operational under the Foodland banner. I'm guessing that was probably similar to the Lanett Food and Drug situation, where the stores became nonunionized and that's why they dropped the Kroger name but otherwise got to stay open?

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    2. AFAIK, I can't remember if Foodland wasn't unionized, but yeah, the Michigan Foodland banner was indeed used for 20 of those Detroit stores that dropped the Kroger name. Foodland Distributors, the official name of the banner, was a joint venture of Kroger and Wetterau (which was sold to SuperValu in 1992), though for all intents and purposes, were really just Kroger stores, but operating with some extent of wholesale model. I can confirm that Kroger semis continued to service these Foodland stores into the 90's.

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    3. Crazy stuff. I guess from the perspective of having a store vs. having no store, though, that it's at least slightly better for Kroger to have circumvented unions and kept stores open under different names, rather than to have closed down entirely and exited the region...

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  2. While I knew about Kroger's current stores in the Huntsville area, as well as that old Welcome Warehouse in Mobile, I always felt there was more to the story about Kroger's time in Alabama. It seems like in the 1970's and 1980's, Kroger wanted a way into most major markets in the Southeast, then for whatever reasons retreated certain areas (whether it be because of labor disputes or for not being able to figure out what Floridians want in a grocery store). I always thought it was odd Mississippi's Gulf Coast cities lacked Kroger too, and this post answers that mystery for me as well!

    I know up until the 1990's, Alabama was fiercely Bruno's country (with Winn-Dixie in a healthy second place). Like Kroger, Albertsons came and went really fast from Alabama in their Southeastern "come and conquer" quest as well, selling out to Bruno's in the end as well. When Bruno's and Jitney Jungle collapsed, it really left a big void for supermarkets in many places in the deep south, especially when you consider how much competition those chains drove out before they met their own combined demise. Winn-Dixie's troubles in the 2000's haven't helped the situation either. While Winn-Dixie is only present in the southern half of Alabama these days, they still have a decent presence in that part of the state, a much better and somewhat more stable presence than the company currently offers in coastal Mississippi. I can see SEG selling off their Mississippi/New Orleans operations one of these days as well (whether as a whole or piecemeal). Also surprised that Mississippi's Gulf Coast has no other big chain grocers besides Winn-Dixie.

    I also have to add that the Hometown Market in Florence, AL is really neat! Kroger and Jitney remnants in one time warp of a supermarket - I'm there (well, if it weren't an 11 hour drive for me, that is!)

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    1. Yep, that certainly sounds right -- the "come and conquer" initiative (nice way to phrase that!). It really is a shame that, like you said, Bruno's and Jitney Jungle pushed out a lot of competition in Alabama, only to then collapse themselves, at which point the other supermarket operators were no longer willing to step in and take over. Thankfully that hasn't been the case in Florida at least, as Publix still remains as strong as ever there! :P

      I agree about Winn-Dixie too, but yeah, at least their presence in Alabama seems healthier than in Mississippi and Louisiana. I believe W-D has a fairly sizable presence in the Birmingham area, also. As for the Gulf Coast in Mississippi, yes, I always wondered why Kroger wasn't there. Turns out they were, and it's just that they wound up leaving! Again, it's rather a shame that Delchamps wound up going away, as Kroger likely won't ever return to that region even though there's not as much competition from Delchamps or other players anymore. Once you're burned once, you rarely make the same attempt a second time, even if the conditions have changed.

      Walmart is pretty much the big chain grocer in the southern part of the state, as far as I'm aware. There are also some independent stores and chains, of course, but nothing with a larger scale than that. Realistically, this is true for a large part of the rest of the state, too. Kroger doesn't have too many stores that aren't in metro areas. Most are in DeSoto County, Tupelo, or the Jackson area. Then you've got the one-offs, which are again mostly concentrated towards the northern part of the state. This is why I don't feel like Publix would be successful in Mississippi, besides a few select stores in those three areas I mentioned as having high Kroger concentrations. If Kroger won't touch a lot of areas, what makes you think Publix would? Although, there is the possibility that the Coast could be good for Publix, if in fact the right clientele are living down there...

      I agree about the Hometown Market! It's a lot closer to me, but still a ways away, haha :P Personally, I was hoping to visit Lanett, but if it is in fact remodeling there's no need for that plan anymore :( Would also like to visit some of those Winn-Dixies in the southern part of the state someday, but so far that hasn't happened yet...

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    2. I decided it might be helpful to draw out a map of Mississippi showing just how much of the state is without Kroger. All 30 of their current stores are represented: https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/386723935250808834/777336103623458837/2020-11-14_3_LI.jpg

      I circled in blue examples of the major areas where Kroger is absent. Besides the coast and Natchez, Kroger is also absent from Hattiesburg and Meridian -- I don't know if they were ever in these towns at all -- as well as much of Greenwood, the I-55 corridor, and areas along the eastern, western, and even northern edges. The thing is, for a lot of those areas, Kroger is simply following the population... these towns either aren't built up at all (the I-55 corridor), or they were built up but have died off (Clarksdale and Natchez come to mind, although in some of these cases it also doesn't help that Kroger had tiny rundown stores to begin with). Long story short, it's just the way things work here in Mississippi, but it can be depressing to look at sometimes.

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    3. If something crazy were to happen and Publix collapsed, that would be an absolute disaster for Florida! As crazy and domineering as Publix is, thankfully they’re a stable company!

      Actually, Huntsville/Decatur, the Shoals, and most of the US 43 corridor in Western Alabama seem to be the only major parts of the state where Winn-Dixie doesn’t have any stores. Birmingham has a nice little cluster of Winn-Dixies, and the same can be said about Birmingham, Tuscaloosa, Montgomery, and Mobile. As for the Gulf Coast, Delchamps was certainly a big thing down there, but they too ended up getting bought out by Jitney Jungle in the late 90’s, so the collapse of that chain also brought the demise of Delchamps. I wouldn’t say Kroger will never return to the Gulf Coast of Mississippi – some chains have retreated from areas before just to return later – it’s rare, but not impossible though.

      The way I envision Publix would approach Mississippi when/if that day comes would be coming down into DeSoto County as part of an entrance into Memphis (possibly with a store in Tupelo too since it’s on the way to Memphis), and then going into the Gulf Coast coming out of Mobile. Publix would probably stick to Kroger’s approach to Mississippi, the big exception being the Gulf Coast (which I feel can support Publix, especially since the neighboring region in Alabama already has a few). I know Publix skewing more upscale limits entering smaller towns, but there are places in Mississippi where Publix can be successful, even if that doesn’t mean blanketing the state with stores. Publix’s expansion into Alabama is focused almost entirely on larger cities, and that seems to be working for them. However, Publix seems to be holding off on a western push given the more lucrative opportunities that came from pushing north into Virginia and the DC suburbs (which is growing rapidly and skewing upscale – the perfect combination for Publix). I don’t feel Publix would be unsuccessful in Mississippi, but the returns on pushing into Virginia is probably larger than what Publix would get from pushing into Mississippi, and the opportunities for NoVA/DC are there now. I think Publix will enter Mississippi at some point in some way eventually though, as it would be a natural progression for the chain given the current distribution of stores.

      Seeing all the Kroger stores in Mississippi on a map is quite interesting though, visualizing all the gaps. McComb and Laurel are certainly outliers, Laurel especially since the two larger cities its sandwiched between along I-59 (Hattiesburg and Meridian) lack Kroger. Interesting observation though: Hattiesburg and Meridian both have Winn-Dixie but not Kroger, and Laurel has Kroger but not Winn-Dixie (as the Laurel W-D closed a few years ago). I’m sure this would be an unlikely scenario, but if Kroger bought Winn-Dixie’s 8 or so remaining Mississippi stores, it would complete most of the missing pieces for Kroger within the state. Still interesting to think about that scenario, as in some ways, it would make sense. I can’t speak for Natchez, but the I-55 corridor around Greenwood doesn’t seem have the population factor on its side (at least for a giant modern Kroger). However, I scanned over some of the towns around there (like Greenwood and Grenada), and you can see many building shells that look to have once housed supermarkets, now lying in various states of reuse. Completely off-topic (but I thought this was interesting when I found it), but it appears Mississippi was home to at least one Marina Safeway back in the day: https://tinyurl.com/y6l5v6wj (I know Safeway was once in Mississippi, but I never knew that building design was too – not sure if you’ve spotted that one in your research before).

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    4. Absolutely!

      Ah, thanks for checking on that. As easy as it probably would've been, I didn't think to look at the map to see where Winn-Dixie is (and isn't) in Alabama these days! That's good to hear that they are present in a majority of the major parts of the state, though.

      I can see Publix along the Gulf Coast in Mississippi, especially with the connection to the nearby stores in Alabama. I can also see them trying to operate in certain areas of the Memphis metro, which could probably lead to one or two stores in DeSoto County; and perhaps Tupelo and some parts of the Jackson metro as well. But other than that, I really honestly can't see them operating to the same capacity Kroger does in Mississippi (that is, the outlier towns, such as Batesville, Corinth, Columbus, Greenville, Vicksburg, etc.; maybe Oxford and Starkville, though) -- and that's saying something, considering even Kroger doesn't operate in a sizable portion as you saw in the map! I agree that Publix's Alabama plan is a bit more like what they could accomplish here, only operating in major cities. Even in Memphis though, I'm not sure how successful they'd be, which is why I would expect them only to pop up in certain areas. Then again, I could easily be proven wrong. That's just something we'll have to wait and see how it goes. But like you said, whatever happens it will probably be a while, since Publix is more focused on its northward expansion right now (and for good reason, too).

      That is an interesting observation! I wasn't aware of Laurel's Winn-Dixie closing (...or that they had one... XD ). I haven't done a lot of research on the southern part of the state, as I've never been, but as I said, I would like to go someday. The Laurel Kroger just underwent a refresh (non-décor-swap), so I would imagine it's continuing to do well. If Kroger bought out Winn-Dixie's remaining stores in Mississippi, I could easily see that being a good thing for both companies. That's interesting to think about for sure. If that happens, I would love to see the result. That's about the only way I can see Kroger returning to the Gulf Coast, though... Kroger likes operating with no competition when it can, and in most of Mississippi, they've got that in the bag. And like you saw with Natchez and Clarksdale, even with minimal competition there, they still departed! So I'd say it's a tough case to make, unless some major shift happens.

      Yes, many portions of Mississippi lack Kroger simply because I think they would lack any chain supermarket due to their size and status. The I-55 corridor definitely fits that bill, with the possible exception of Greenwood and Grenada; but like you said, clearly those places had supermarkets at one point, so something must have happened to make those supermarkets depart. (I haven't done enough research to know if those towns had Krogers or not.) And as for that Greenwood Safeway -- good catch! Yep, Marina Safeways were definitely here at one point. I haven't seen that particular location before (which is particularly bad, since, uh, I was in that exact same shopping center a few years ago and photographed tiny portions of that Big Lots XD ), but I do have a future blog post (that I've been in zero rush to publish :P ) covering a similar Marina Safeway in Clarksdale... Perhaps Safeway once operated in many areas where Kroger does not?!

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    5. Concerning the Mississippi Winn-Dixie stores... I just researched those, and it turns out yet another one closed this year, circa September. That was the one with the classic logo and exterior design at 2800 Lincoln in Hattiesburg. (We discussed this one previously on Discord; the décor was unfamiliar to you, but the exterior certainly looks classic W-D as opposed to being a former Jitney, so who knows!)

      However, that store closed simultaneously with the grand reopening of the other Hattiesburg W-D, which now has Down Down (previously it had that holdout Save Rite décor). So now they wiped out two of the most interesting MS Winn-Dixies in one fell swoop :( That said though, the fact that they've remodeled three of their remaining six stores must indicate they continue to perform well...

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    6. I’ve been keeping tabs on the Mississippi Winn-Dixies off and on. I think the Laurel store closed in the 2018 bankruptcy wave, but I don’t remember exactly. However, that’s really sad to hear the 2800 Lincoln store closed in Hattiesburg. The last time I checked on the MS Winn-Dixies was over the summer, so I didn’t know about that until now :( That’s a shame, and that the other unique store in town was visited by the red paint cans. Winn-Dixie loves that tactic of taking two stores near each other, picking one to remodel, and closing the other (like what just happened in East Orlando, but it’s happened elsewhere before). I guess it’s a good thing Winn-Dixie is remodeling those stores though, as they wouldn’t have done that if the store was a lost cause. In addition to those Down Down stores, there’s another somewhere on the Gulf Coast with the Green Interior, which is just as modern. Even if those stores are doing well, maybe a remodel can get Winn-Dixie more money for them if they choose to sell a few years down the road, than having the stores looking completely run down when marketing to potential buyers.

      Oh wow, I’m surprised you missed that Marina Safeway in Greenwood when you visited that plaza – that building jumped right out at me first thing in the GSV of the parking lot! Still though, that’s a very vintage plaza all around, and that Big Lots looks pretty dated as well. I’m sure there’s a lot of history in that plaza. That neat you managed to document the Marina Safeway in Clarksdale though (as that sounds like it will be an interesting post). I wonder how big Safeway was in Mississippi at one time, and how widespread they were in the state? (Now I may be giving you ideas for another lost history post!) Maybe Safeway was dominant enough to keep Kroger out of cities like Greenwood at one time, but who knows…

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    7. Yeah, I thought you'd be sad to hear that news :( Definitely sounds like a logical tactic from a business perspective, as unfortunate as it may be for us retail fans to have gotten that one-two punch like that. Yep, I came across the green décor store, which leaves the two others of the six total as Marketplace holdouts (as long as they haven't silently remodeled or anything). Good point on the remodels possibly also raising the value of the stores in the event of an eventual buyout -- we already learned that lesson from Safeway Florida, didn't we?...

      Ha, yeah, don't know how I missed it :P And thanks! It'll be a fairly short one when I do ever get around to it; the store is long closed, and I only got a few pictures. But I did some digging (of course) and wound up with some clippings that help paint the store's history, at least a little bit. I would love to know more about Safeway's past in Mississippi, as clearly they had a decent-sized presence, but the research on that is a bit too difficult for my tastes... I prefer things that are more easily accessible, even if I have to do some intensive Googling!, rather than events that took place exclusively pre-Internet and thus are hard to find unless you dig through newspaper archives (which are tedious, not free, and often don't have all the cities or info you're looking for). In a perfect world, though... :P

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  3. I have read about Jitney Jungle stores before, but I've never seen photos from inside one. Thanks go to Michael M. and Retail Retell for putting all of this together! This is all very neat.

    It's very odd seeing a store with the fake neon decor and concrete floors! Can you imagine a Bauhaus store with a concrete floor?! I'd actually rather not think about such heresy, lol. I've seen this fancier style of fake neon decor before. I prefer it to the other fake neon style which is really not very nice looking at all. Some of the stores Fiesta puts less effort into here in Houston has a similar look and it's not very good, IMO.

    All this talk about labor issues at Kroger is very fitting because right now there are major labor issues going on with Houston's Kroger employees. It's been reported that Kroger employees in Houston are pretty close to authorizing a strike. Here are a couple of articles about that situation:

    https://www.supermarketnews.com/retail-financial/kroger-houston-ufcw-455-spar-over-pay-health-benefits

    https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/article/Kroger-workers-in-Houston-favor-strike-but-talks-15718793.php

    From the top article, it's possible the situation in Houston might have an impact in Louisiana and Arkansas. With that in mind, I have no idea what this could mean for the Mid-South. I'm sure you're keeping a close eye on that situation.

    I remember when Kroger workers were on strike in the late 1980s/early 1990s here in Houston. Kroger had quite a labor problem back then, but I have not heard of issues since then. At least I can't remember anything. While Kroger might have pulled out of some more marginal markets due to labor issues, I doubt Houston is a market they would want to pull out of unless their finances take a serious downturn or if HEB becomes just too strong. I don't think we're even close to that point yet though.

    That said, as you and AFB know, Houston's infamous 'Disco Kroger' is closing in January. Thanks for the information about that. That news came out right when the strike news came out and that's very curious timing to say the least.

    So, yeah, this is a timely post given everything that is going on with Kroger in Houston!

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    1. Thank you for the compliment!

      Yeah, a Bauhaus store with concrete floors would be so weird, haha! That's interesting that you prefer this style of wannabe neon. I guess maybe the fact that I'm used to the other version impacts my opinion. I would definitely like to see this one in person, though. I think the absence of gloss on the letters is nice. I also wish I had more definitive information on all the different versions of that décor package. Like I said in the post, I suspect the version seen in Lanett is an earlier iteration, but even then there are multiple versions of the later iteration with the different font as well, including sentence-case letters, caps lock letters, and even teal-colored backgrounds instead of the usual beige!

      That's interesting about the timing of this post being fitting like that. I hadn't planned it that way, trust me! It will be interesting indeed to see what comes out of that situation. Hopefully Kroger won't go all 1980s retreating on us again, but like you said, that would be unlikely in the Houston area anyway. However, that Disco Kroger closure certainly is more suspicious in light of all this other news. Who knows. (And you're welcome for the info!)

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    2. Here's an update about the Disco Kroger in Houston. It caught on fire last night! I know some say that stores have fire sales when they're going out of business, but this is a bit ridiculous! I suppose there is never a dull moment in Houston retail, but usually these types of things happen at Walmart and not Kroger!

      To say that this is a bit suspicious with all that's going on is an understatement. We'll have to wait to see what the investigators find in this situation. It seems that the majority of the fire was outside the store, but the article does claim that there was smoke inside the store. Given that, I don't know if the store will continue to stay open until the planned January closing date.

      Link: https://abc13.com/hfd-puts-out-fire-at-disco-kroger-days-after-closure-announced/8009088/

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    3. Wow, that certainly is suspicious, especially given everything else going on concerning that store! LOL at the fire sale comment, too :P Like you, I have to wonder now whether or not the store will survive until its planned closing date.

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  4. What a really fine blog and write-up! I'm glad to have been a small part of your architecture and design research. As a 25-year professor of English, I also really appreciate your careful and informative writing. The Sheffield, Alabama Kroger/Jitney building still exists as well on Montgomery Avenue, but over the years it's been remodeled and remodeled so much that it looks nothing like its original appearance. It's one of few Kroger stores I know of built with no windows on the front. The reason for this according to a former store manager I spoke with is that Kroger was concerned about "the rough neighborhood."

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    1. Thank you for the compliments, and thank you again for your contributions! This post really rests on the information and photos you sent along, so I really appreciate you reaching out. And as I said in the post, you had great timing with that, too :) Thanks also for that info on the Sheffield store. I kind of figured the Veterans Memorial Park being the site of a Kroger was incorrect, but I couldn't find any further details on the correct location for the fourth store of the bunch. That's very interesting that it was built without windows. If the neighborhood was rough to begin with, I'm a little surprised Kroger built there at all. More commonly they seem to simply exit neighborhoods once they begin to change in character to that extent.

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  5. Kroger had more than a brief stay in North Alabama. I know they had stores in Florence and Sheffield in the early 60's. Mark W

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    1. Thanks for the information! I probably shouldn't have phrased it that way. I suppose some of the later superstore and greenhouse builds may have been relocations of those earlier Kroger locations, then.

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  6. I grew up in Florence, Lauderdale County Alabama. Kroger was no longer around by that time though. I moved away for several years and I just recently moved back. Lauderdale County itself has very limited options for groceries today which is a little frustrating to be honest. There is a General Store / Hardware store about 8 minutes (driving) from me that offers a limited variety of fresh meat and a very small selection of veggies (pretty sure they come from a local garden) then my next option is a small Big Star in St Florian about 15-20 mins away if driving but the prices are ridiculous and food selection is pretty basic, so I usually end up going to Walmart, which I loathe and it’s about 20 mins away driving. Hometown is about 25 and Publix about the same both completely out of the way and inconvenient. Even for those that live in downtown Florence The closest option is Hometown which would be a 20 / 30 minute walk. Kind of baffling that there isn’t an option closer to UNA campus. What is bothering me most though, is that the area has allowed Dollar General to infiltrate every community and I’d be willing to bet some locations are within a mile of each other. They have no fresh food, the options they do have are small quantities, which may seem cheaper, but ultimately cost more per unit. They’re unkempt, it’s always a gamble whether or not something is in stock and I’ve found that a lot of the name brand products seem to be poorer quality. For instance I wash my face with Cetaphil and the tiny bottle I bought for $5 at DG in a pinch (which I know was sealed) was so watered down I couldn’t even pour it in my hand to wash my face. The more I read, the more I realize that DG’s marketing strategies are targeting poor and rural communities and it’s causing harm to those who already live in “food deserts”

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    1. Thanks for commenting, and I'm sorry it took me so long to reply. I hate to hear about the struggles with inadequate and far-away options. There really should be a greater selection in the area you describe, with it being so close to campus, yet it feels like this is becoming a more and more common issue. Walmart really does seem to be the only reasonable option in many situations, which is certainly unfortunate because that fact is surely a great contributor to why shopping there is so often unpleasant. And, yes, Dollar General is definitely a racket. On the one hand it may be good to have them in areas where there are zero other options, but on the other, things are exactly as you describe -- lower quality, lower quantity items with higher unit prices, and little to (most often) no fresh items. It's really unfortunate indeed, especially since I guarantee you they know exactly what they're doing...

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